Surgical Scene Generation for Virtual Reality-Based Training in Medicine

<P><STRONG>Introduction.-</STRONG> Motivation.- Surgical Education.- Overview.- VR-based Training.- Surgical Simulation.- Training Scene Generation.- Outline.- <STRONG>Geometry.-</STRONG> Introduction.- Definitions.- Relevance to Surgical Education.- Process Elements.- Previous Work Related to Surgical Simulation.- Data Acquisition.- Overview.- Uterine Image Acquisition.- Healthy Anatomy Generation.- Outline.- Segmentation.- Statistical Model.- Shape Prediction.- Pathology Integration.- Outline.- Skeleton-based Design.- Cellular Automata Growth Model.- Particle System Growth Model.- Volumetric Representation.- Modelling Examples.- <STRONG>Appearance.-</STRONG> Introduction.- Definitions.- Texturing in Computer Graphics.- Relevance to Surgical Education.- Process Elements.- Previous Approaches in Surgery Simulation.- Data Acquisition and Enhancement.- In-vivo Image Acquisition.- Image Enhancement.- Base Texture Generation.- Procedural Textures.- Review.- Generation of Simple Textures.- Texture Synthesis.- Human Texture Perception.- Review.- Texture Generation for Laparoscopic Simulation.- Texture Generation for Hysteroscopic Simulation.- Additional Texture Detail.- Embedding of Specks into Liver Textures.- Overlay of Real Follicle Textures.- Texture Mapping.- Mesh Cutting.- Mesh Parameterization.- Modelling Examples.- <STRONG>Biomechanics.-</STRONG> Introduction.- Deformation Models.- Tissue Parameter Acquisition.- Relevance to Surgical Education.- Previous Work.- Genetic Optimization Approach.- Outline.- 2D Topology Optimization.- Extension to 3D Topology Identification.- Simultaneous Topology and Spring Constant Identification.- Analytical Derivation.- Overview.- Derivation for Constant Strain Triangle.- Derivation for Tetrahedral Element.- Discussion.- <STRONG>Conclusion.-</STRONG> Summary.- Hysteroscopy Simulation.- Extension: Vessel Generation.- Outlook.- <STRONG>Acronyms.- References.-Index</STRONG></P>